After immigrating to Canada from Scotland, Nadia Shuaib turned her husband’s part-time project into a multimillion-dollar e-commerce project— while studying for the Canadian bar!

Shuaib listed a few of her husband’s cell phone accessories on eBay. When the inventory quickly sold out, she decided to make her part-time project into a career. Now, her online store, Budget Electronics, which is based out of two Toronto warehouses, is a multimillion-dollar business.

Craig Newmark moved to San Francisco for a job in computer programming at Charles Schwab. When he was laid off, he made the most of the situation by using his severance package to start a small message board that aggregated events that fellow programmers might be interested in.

With terrific timing, Newmark’s project coincided with the release of the early internet browser Netscape. With the addition of a job-listing section, the site, which eventually became Craigslist, boomed in popularity.

Today, Newmark’s net worth is estimated to be $1.31 billion, according to Forbes.

Although she left Etsy in 2015, at one point Alicia Shaffer — founder of the boho-inspired accessories shop Three Bird Nest — was the handmade marketplace’s biggest seller, earning an average of $60,000 a month.

“I would have been thrilled to make $100 to $200 a month to pay for my daughter’s dance lessons,” Shaffer told Business Insider. “I was really just trying to make a couple sales a week because I had lost confidence in my ability to start a business.” She ended up exceeding that goal by a long shot.

When he was 16 years old, Michael J. Kittredge crafted a candle made of melted red crayons for his mother as a Christmas gift. After a friend offered to buy the wax creation, Kittredge started making candles in his parents’ garage and selling them at his school and to local businesses in his Massachusetts hometown.

By 1972, Kittredge was paying $80 a month to rent a former paper mill as a workshop. Over time, the primarily wholesale business garnered $1 billion in annual sales. A decade later, he took out a loan to open a retail outlet and factory complex. By the mid-1990s, Yankee Candle had become a household name.

Highly successful to this day, Yankee Candle sold for $1.75 billion to consumer products company Jarden in 2013.

When Mark Zuckerberg started a small social media website for students at Harvard University, it was just a hobby.

But his side project — which ultimately became Facebook — blossomed into a multibillion-dollar global company. Today, his net worth is estimated to be just under $70 billion.

“I probably learned more coding from random side projects that I did than the courses I took in college,” Zuckerberg said during a town-hall event organized by North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University.

Although he was already an NFL legend, retired football player Al “Bubba” Baker’s second career has been equally successful. After pitching his barbecue rib concept, Bubba’s-Q, on NBC’s “Shark Tank,” the business — which began as a catering company— went from earning $154,000 to bringing in more than $16 million over the course of four years.

“When you have a project that is 30-some years in the making and you finally see it come to fruition — the emotions, it was overwhelming,” Baker told CNBC. In addition to an online shop, there’s a brick-and-mortar Bubba’s-Q restaurant in Avon, Ohio.

Both passionate about fashion, Harvard Business School classmates Jennifer Hyman and Jennifer Fleiss founded Rent the Runway, an apparel and accessories rental service, in 2009.

“We started by purchasing dresses at retail in our own sizes — we figured if the concept didn’t work, at least we’d have a great wardrobe! We just went to different undergraduate campus and started renting dresses to women,” Fleiss said in an interview with The Muse.

Forbes included the co-founders on its 2016 roundup of the Richest Self-Made Women to Watch.

Motorcycles are usually synonymous with one of the most famous brands in the business: Harley-Davidson.

The ubiquitous motor vehicles began as the hobby of two friends, Arthur Davidson and William Harley, who saw the advent of the gasoline engine as a way to innovate bicycle design. Today, it is one of the biggest public companies in America.

Success was just the way the cookie crumbled for Debbi Fields, founder of Mrs. Fields.

“We made every dollar stretch,” she told LearnVest, referring to her working-class upbringing. “My father believed that true wealth was found in family, friends and doing what you love.”

For Fields, baking — and cookies in particular — brought her joy. Even when her family couldn’t afford real ingredients, she crafted cookies from margarine and imitation chocolate.

Her famous chocolate chip cookie recipe launched a dessert empire that is now worth $450 million.

The best inventions are solutions to everyday problems — something that Kevin Plank knows all too well.

Despite the Under Armour founder’s unremarkable football career at the University of Maryland, the hours he spent training and working out inspired his multimillion-dollar idea: moisture-wicking athletic clothing.

Today, Forbes reports that Plank’s estimated net worth is $2.1 billion.

Megan Duckett, who moved to Los Angeles from Australia in the 1990s, worked in the entertainment and event planning industries before launching Sew What?, a theatrical draping company. She also operates Rent What?, a drapery rental company.

Her handiwork has been seen everywhere from KISS concerts to a New Year’s Eve party at Las Vegas’ Mirage hotel.

“With a little creativity and the incentive to go digging around to find the clients, I knew that there was an opportunity there,” she told CNN, which reported in 2015 that she earned $7 million in annual revenue.

When Bill Gates was studying at Harvard University, he fully intended on becoming a lawyer, and spent his free time in the computer lab. After two years at the school, however, Gates dropped out to pursue his passion— his company Microsoft.

With an estimated net worth of $90 billion, Gates is now one of the world’s wealthiest people and has stepped down from the company to focus on philanthropy.

Walt Disney’s early interest in drawing ultimately culminated in a multimedia empirethat encompasses beloved characters, animated movies, and rides.

At just seven years old, he sold his earliest sketches to neighbors. Wherever he went — including a stint as an ambulance driver in Europe during World War I — he would draw cartoons. Returning to the US after the war, he got a job as an advertising cartoonist.

It didn’t take long for Disney to make it to Hollywood, where he created his most famous character, Mickey Mouse, in 1928.

Zug is too small to have its own airport so to get there you have to fly into Zurich and get the train. The trains run right from the airport and depart pretty regularly.

The journey took about an hour but there are quicker trains if you time it right. The views are pretty stunning along the route: lush countryside, clear lakes, and picture-postcard houses lining the valleys.

The trains to Zug are double-decker. These tend to be relatively common in central Europe. Here’s the train I was travelling on pulled into Zug station.

The town itself is very small and largely centred around one road that stretches from the business district in the north to the old town in the south. People have been living in the area since 600 AD, although none of the buildings in the old town are that old.

I arrived a day before the conference kicked-off and walked around the town to get a sense of the place. Given the nickname Crypto Valley, I had expected to find shops accepting bitcoin or perhaps even selling crypto merch but it took a while to find any signs of crypto. There were a few flags advertising the upcoming conference but that was about it. Overall, the place felt pretty sleepy.

There was clearly money in the town, though. There were two luxury car dealerships opposite each other on either side of the main road. The sound of high-performance engines punctuated the Swiss calm every so often too as people drove their expensive cars around the town centre.

On the first day I met Jon, the COO of Shapeshift, a cryptocurrency exchange based in the town. (Shapeshift doesn’t disclose the second names of any of its employees for fear of phishing attacks.)

Jon said Shapeshift chose to incorporate in Zug back in 2014 because of the clear stance that it took on cryptocurrency.

“We knew that crypto was a very new thing and various regulators might view it in different ways,” he said. “We wanted to find an environment where we thought it would generally be friendly. We identified Zug, and Switzerland in general, as a place that was open to this type of innovation in this space and we thought it was a good place to set up shop.”

Back in 2014, it was unusual for governments and regulators to open to crypto. Silk Road, the infamous dark web marketplace powered by bitcoin, had only just been shut down by the FBI and crypto exchange MtGox had just collapsed after a catastrophic hack.

Later I learned why Zug was so early to embrace crypto. It was largely because of one man: Nikolas Nikolajsen. Danish-born developer Nikolajsen worked at Credit Suisse in Switzerland before leaving to set up crypto services company Bitcoin Suisse in 2013.

“There were a lot of conversations between the founder [of Bitcoin Suisse] and the government — what is this, what is that?” Bitcoin Suisse CEO Arthur Vayloyan told me. “He was very active in consulting and educating. Many knowledgeable people today know their thing because they were privileged to have [Niklas] as an initiator. He understood.”

After discussions with Nikolajsen and others, Zug put in place clear guidance as to how it would treat cryptocurrency companies and those that dealt with the assets.

“I think clarity, in general, is a good thing for the space,” Shapeshift’s Jon said. “Whatever rules you want to make, at least be clear about them. The Swiss model has generally been pretty good about that.”

The new rules helped attract the team behind ethereum, the second biggest cryptocurrency by value, to Zug. The Ethereum Foundation, which promotes and supports the cryptocurrency, is based in Zug and Bitcoin Suisse helped advise the group on its initial coin offering (ICO) in 2014.

“The whole starting point was the Ethereum Foundation,” Oliver Bussmann, president of the Crypto Valley Association, told Business Insider. “They decided to set up the foundation here and that triggered the set up of a new ecosystem — law firms, tax, accounting, smart contract evolvement firms, startups, universities.”

The Crypto Valley Association was set up at the beginning of 2017 to coordinate all these interested parties.

“There were a lot of informal meet-ups and they had the name already crypto valley,” said Bussmann, who was formerly UBS’ CIO. As well as being a reference to Silicon Valley, Zug actually is in a valley, surrounded by mountains.

Bussmann said: “We are a global leading ecosystem for blockchain technology. To establish that you have to work on all dimensions: startups, investors, governments, corporations, R&D etc. You have to bring them together.”

Today, over 400 companies with a presence in Zug are members of the association. They range from startups to “Big Four” accountant KPMG. Bussmann says last year’s ICO boom supercharged the organisation.

“This country is really good from an innovation perspective,” he said. “But there are not enough VC companies here locally. The government was always thinking about providing a fund, something like that. But now with the ICO, we have access to a global capital market.”

ICOs allow startups to sell digital crypto tokens to investors globally through the internet. 2017 saw an explosion in ICO activity and over $9 billion has been raised through ICOs so far this year alone.

I visited the Crypto Valley Labs on the afternoon of my first day. The Labs are a coworking space for startups, set over two floors in a building in the business district. Jon and the Shapeshift team were huddled in the garden attached to the building when I visited.

Labs was founded at the start of 2018 and already has over 40 paying members. Many use the space as a place to work when they’re in town rather than being based there full-time. The space has been such a success that it is expanding to take up two more floors later this year.

There was a bitcoin ATM in the cafe area of Crypto Valley Labs. As part of its crypto-friendly stance, Zug has begun accepting bitcoin as a form of payment for certain municipal services, although not taxes. The city is also experimenting with allowing municipal voting using blockchain, the technology that underpins bitcoin.

The conference held a drinks event for attendees on the first night at the Sky Lounge, a bar that overlooked the town. Around 80 people gathering first downstairs outside then heading to the bar. I chatted to an Oxford Professor looking at using blockchain to track social impact, a Swiss CEO whose company makes secure storage tech for crypto, and someone who advised people on ICOs, among others. Everyone was chatty and excited.

Waiting for the elevator on the way out an ethical hacker stopped to congratulate two guys in their early 20s standing next to me.

“My staff love you guys, they’ve got your stickers,” the hacker said.

Down at ground level, I asked what the pair were working on. They were the cofounders of Aragon, a crypto-based platform to build decentralized organisations on top of. They couldn’t stay to chat — one had to find his Uber nearby, while the other left on a skateboard.

The conference began the next day. Consensus in New York is the biggest and best-known crypto conference and this year’s event generated headlines of fake banker protests, rented Lamborghinis, and raucous after parties.

The Crypto Valley Conference was held at Zug’s Theatre and Casino and I was hoping there would be similar stories — the crypto casino! — but the conference was a sober and serious affair by comparison.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) certified the event and, as such, it was much more academic than other crypto conferences. Attendees were genuinely passionate about the technology and its potential, rather than simply seeing it as a money-making opportunity.

The Mayor of Zug, a representative of the government’s economy department, and a Swiss federal councillor all spoke on the first day, underlining the level of political support for the industry.

“The city of Zug, they see this as fantastic brand building,” Bussmann said. “Now we have regular strategic meetings with the canton of Zug. It’s a new business.”

Luis Cuende, one of the cofounders of Aragon I had seen the night before, appeared on a panel alongside a representative from the Swiss central bank. The moderator joked that it was the first event he had done where one person was in shorts and another in a tie. You can probably guess who was wearing what.

The two-day conference covered everything from more energy efficient methods of certifying cryptocurrency transactions to how the technology could apply to the internet of things, how the legal world is dealing with the new sector, and how high-frequency trading could impact crypto.

Aragon, Bitcoin Suisse, and Shapeshift all had booths at the conference, as did Melonport, another notable crypto company based in Zug. Melonport was founded by a former Goldman Sachs banker and is building a blockchain-based asset management system.

The first day of the conference ended with a boat trip on Lake Zug for all the attendees. If there was going to be any crypto raucousness, surely this is where it would happen. But the crowd were as well behaved after hours as they were at the main event. Groups talked about the beauty of bitcoin as an idea, its business applications, and continued to crunch through thorny development problems.

Zug had been in the headlines that week after a long Wired article about issues at troubled crypto startup Tezos, which was based in Zug. Most people just dismissed it as a freakish and unusual tragedy in the space rather than anything that should reflect on Zug.

“I think that has much more to do with the specific people involved than it does the space or even Zug itself,” Shapeshift’s Jon told me. “I think that’s just kind of coincidental.”

Shapeshift’s Jon was full of praise for the regulators and governments in Switzerland for helping to foster the sector.

“I would love to see the Swiss model replicated elsewhere,” he said.

Bitcoin Suisse’s Vayloyan said: “Zug is definitely a great place to do business because you have this network, you have the government who supports it. You sense it, you sense that there is support in the crypto sphere. They are playing it very well.”

“There is really a feeling that there is a lot of innovation happening right here in Zug and with companies in Zug,” Shapeshift’s Jon had told me. “Ever since we set up here, more and more companies are coming here because they see it as a friendly place to do business.”

Heinrich Zetlmayer, a general partner at Zurich-based Blockchain Valley Ventures, told me: “I am just very impressed by the quality of some of the startups here and the dynamic here. There are so many what I would call industrial blockchain startups here — it keeps us very busy.”

“It is in reality not just about legislation and taxes,” Zetlmayer said. “It’s a good place to be that makes your startup faster. What was Silicon Valley before you know? That had all the ingredients and ‘voom’ things were running faster.

“Here in Zug, we are all very quick talking to each other. And it is big enough that there is a critical mass. We somehow have a lot of things going for us. It makes it a unique place.”

Bussmann is so pleased with the success of Crypto Valley in Zug that he is now talking about marketing Switzerland as a “crypto nation.” The association already has some members even beyond the countries borders in Milan.

“We have about 15 requests per day for startup coaching, investor tours, government ambassadors want to talk to us, regulators are calling because we have these frameworks,” he said.